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| Bank Menyita Rumah dan Melelang dengan Harga Rendah, Bagaimana Islam Menyikapi Hal ini? |
Dari ‘Abdillah bin ‘Amr bin Al ‘Ash, Rasulullah
shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda
يُغْفَرُ لِلشَّهِيدِ كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ إِلاَّ الدَّيْنَ
“Semua dosa orang yang mati syahid akan diampuni kecuali
hutang.” (HR. Muslim no. 1886).
Begitu besarnya dosa akibat hutang.
Oleh karena itu, seseorang hendaknya berpikir: “Mampukah saya melunasi hutang tersebut dan mendesakkah saya
berhutang?” Karena ingatlah hutang pada manusia tidak bisa
dilunasi hanya dengan istighfar.
“Hutang
membuat kehinaan di siang hari dan kegelisahan di malam hari”
Dan bila terlanjur hutang kemudian ada masalah seperti
penyitaan aset-aset seperti rumah, tanah dan lain sebagainya. Bagaimana Islam
mengaturnya. Mengutip pengusahamuslim.com, berikut akan dipaparkan satu persatu
mulai dari awal.
PERTANYAAN:
Bagaimana dengan kasus gara-gara tidak bisa melunasi sisa
utang di Bank *****, rumah yang dinilai seharga Rp 700 juta itu dilelang hanya
seharga Rp 50 juta.
JAWAB:
Bismillah was shalatu was salamu ‘ala Rasulillah, wa ba’du,
Sebelumnya kita awali dengan memahami skema transaksi utang
bergadai,
Pertama, bahwa transaksi
nasabah dengan bank adalah utang piutang. Sementara jaminan sertifikat yang
diserahkan nasabah ke bank berstatus sebagai barang gadai (rahn). Nasabah
sebagai penggadai (rahin), sementara bank sebagai penerima gadai (murtahin).
Kedua, dalam transaksi
gadai, barang yang menjadi agunan tidak berpindah kepemilikan ke Murtahin.
Barang itu tetap menjadi milik nasabah (rahin), sehingga dia yang paling berhak
atas barang itu. Meskipun utang belum lunas ketika jatuh tempo.
Ini berbeda dengan kejadian masa jahiliyah. Pada zaman
jahiliyah dahulu apabila telah jatuh tempo pembayaran utang dan orang yang
menggadaikan belum bisa melunasi utangnya maka pihak yang berpiutang menyita
barang gadai tersebut secara langsung tanpa izin orang yang menggadaikannya.
Ketika Islam datang, sistem dzalim semacam ini dibatalkan.
Karena status barang gadai tersebut adalah amanah dari pemilik yang ada di
tangan pihak yang berpiutang (murtahin). (Taudhihul Ahkam, Syarh Bulughul
Maram, 4/467).
Ketiga, Dibolehkan bagi
bank untuk meminta nasabah agar segera melunasi utangnya. Jika tidak
memungkinkan, bank boleh meminta untuk menjual aset yang digadaikan.
Dalam Taudhih al-Ahkam dinyatakan,
لا يجبر الراهن على بيعه إلاَّ إذا تعذر الوفاء، حينئذٍ تأتي الفائدة من الرهن فيباع ويوفى الدين، فإن بقي من الثمن شيء فهو للراهن
Nasabah gadai (rahin) tidak boleh dipaksa untuk menjual
barang gadai, kecuali jika tidak memungkinkan baginya untuk melunasi utangnya.
Di sinilah fungsi gadai itu terlihat. Barang gadai bisa dijual untuk menutupi utangnya.
Jika masih ada yang tersisa dari hasil penjualan setelah dikurangi utang, maka
diserahkan ke pemilik barang (rahin). (Taudhihul Ahkam, Syarh Bulughul Maram,
4/467).
Keempat, mengingat pelepasan
gadai dilakukan dengan cara menjual aset, maka yang paling berhak menentukan
harga adalah pemiliknya. Jika tidak memungkinkan, pemerintah berhak mengambil
tindakan, membekukan aset itu. Pemerintah bisa melakukan lelang terhadap aset
dengan harga standar, untuk menutupi utang nasabah.
Di sinilah peran pemerintah sangat diharapkan. Pihaknya
berkewajiban melidungi kedua belah pihak. Melindungi hak orang memiliki utang
(nasabah) dan melindungi hak pemberi utang (lembaga keuangan). Tidak boleh
dilelang dengan harga yang bisa mendzalimi pemiliknya. Misalnya, dijual dengan
harga jauh di bawah harga pasar. Di tempat kita, salah satu standar yang
digunakan adalah NJOP (Nilai Jual Objek PaJak).
Di negara kita, tanggung jawab ini dipegang oleh Kantor
Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang (KPKNL). Kita berharap, kantor semacam ini
bisa bekerja lebih maksimal, dan bersih dari mafia.
Lelang Bank
Kebijakan lelang bank, salah satunya dengan melihat
pertimbangan kolektibilitas. Beberapa bank, nasabah yang tingkat kolektibilitas
5, untuk rentang penunggakan lebih dari 6 bulan, berhak untuk dilakukan
penyitaan aset. Menurut informasi, ketika nasabah berada pada tingkat
kolektibilitas 3 sampai 5, maka masuk kategori NPF (Non Performing Financing)
atau loan (utang).
Yang menyedihkan adalah prinsip pihak bank adalah yang
penting barang itu laku, sehingga bisa menutupi nilai utang berikut bunganya.
Atau bahkan yang penting cukup untuk melunasi pokok utangnya. Sehingga, untuk
harga lelang, bank tidak terlalu ambil pusing.
Realita ini menunjukkan bahwa lelang hasil sitaan bank maupun
lembaga keuangan, adalah lelang yang tidak sehat. Sangat mendzalimi nasabah.
Sehingga dijual dengan harga yang sangat murah. Dan semua kedzaliman,
pengadilannya akan berlanjut di akhirat.
Allah berfirman,
وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ غَافِلًا عَمَّا يَعْمَلُ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنَّمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ لِيَوْمٍ تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ الْأَبْصَارُ
Janganlah sekali-kali kamu (Muhammad) mengira, bahwa Allah
lalai dari apa yang diperbuat oleh orang-orang yang zalim. Sesungguhnya Allah
menunda hukuman untuk mereka sampai hari yang pada waktu itu mata (mereka)
terbelalak. (QS. Ibrahim: 42)
Mereka para pemenang lelang, bisa berbahagia dengan menguasai
harta orang lain dengan cara legal dan murah. Bisa jadi di dunia dia menang
ketika eksekusi, tapi ingat ketika di akhirat, bisa jadi urusan ini akan
kembali dilanjutkan dan diselesaikan di pengadilan akhirat.
Allahu a’lam.
10 Easy Steps to Succeed in Your Online Classes
Congratulations Youve made up our minds to pursue your upper schooling, and doing so online is how to pass if you have an interest in a versatile, studentcentered educating manner. Studying online permits you to pursue different pursuits and attend to different responsibilities whilst nonetheless operating your method towards some extent. However, it will now and again imply that its clean to get distracted. Here are 10 clean steps to verify luck on your online categories.
- Connect together with your instructors once conceivable. Even in case you are doing smartly within the category, its extraordinarily vital to increase a rapport together with your trainer. When you do that early on, you temporarily understand what the priorities are within the route, what expectancies the professor has of you and youre going to be motivated to prevail, surer of whats forward and higher ready to do smartly with the impending subject material.
Valuable questions to invite your trainer come with the next
How versatile are you with time limits How versatile are you with grownup freshmen What applied sciences do you employ within the route How to be had are you through e mail and different sorts of verbal exchange How do you put up an internet neighborhood and what are the expectancies for participation in it In addition, since instructors are to be had to lend a hand all over the classes, its all the time just right to have had private touch with the trainer early on. This method, when you wish to have lend a hand, its more straightforward to achieve out and get the help you wish to have.
- Confirm the technical necessities of the route. Online categories can also be very advisable for college kids with busy schedules, however provided that they are able to simply get right of entry to the fabrics. It is vital to obviously perceive what the technical necessities are. So, ahead of the route begins or as quickly thereafter as conceivable, youll want to test that your pc will paintings with the entire online equipment, and that you understand how to navigate them. This will be sure that you dont must spend time all the way through the route attempting to determine the generation.
three. Create a time table and stick with it. Quality online instructors create classes which might be clean to navigate and feature transparent expectancies. Having that roughly easytodealwith framework in position will make learning and succeeding that a lot more straightforward. However, although the framework and necessities of your category arent as transparent, youll create a time table and construction, which is able to very much fortify your probabilities of luck within the route. Using equipment equivalent to Google Calendar is a good way to start out. Knowing how your weeks and months glance and scheduling blocks of analysis time for each and every activity or module will will let you stick with a time table.
four. Ask questionsall the time. When you dont perceive, ask questions. When you do perceive, ask additional questions. Instructors recognize scholars who take part, and if theres a participation or dialogue part a part of the grade, then asking high quality questions is helping guarantee your grade on this space. Even if there isnt a participation part, its all the time helpful to invite inquiries to remember to perceive the fabric and are transparent on what is needed of you.
five. Be arrangedand keep arranged. Students whore taking conventional, campusbased classes most often have a constant time table to observe each and every week, through which study room instruction is adopted through assignments out of doors the category. However, for online classes, scholars will have to search out their very own techniques to stick on most sensible in their paintings. It is crucial that you just be arranged from the start of the semester with the intention to achieve success in an internet route. For instance mark task due dates on your calendar, discover a submitting machine for each online subject material and bodily subject material that is helping you stay monitor of the whole lot simply, and shed light on find out about schedules that duvet sections of the route one by one so youve got an arranged tactic to protecting the semesters subject material as you pass alongside.
- Have a blank, quiet, and constant workspace. One factor online and inclass classes have in not unusual is that scholars all the time want a spot to review or whole assignments this is blank, quiet, and constant. You can select the place that is for youwhether or not its at a espresso store, a college library, a devoted place of business, or at house. Wherever you select to review and whole assignments, you must make it a constant location that doesnt have out of doors distractions. It is basically key that where is quiet and lets you focal point in your paintings with out distractions.
- Do no longer procrastinate. Successful distance freshmen hardly procrastinate. They dont do away with assignments or wait till the final second to write down their papers. Successful online scholars experience freedoms that come with operating at their very own tempo and the facility to finish their paintings in as a lot time because it takes them. On the opposite hand, they know that finishing their assignments is best performed early and on time cramming merely doesnt paintings, and it doesnt will let you retain knowledge longterm. Get began early on getting a success.
eight. Work in your studying comprehension. Successful distance freshmen generally tend to have just right studying comprehension abilities. Most conventional, campusbased scholars concentrate to lectures and take notes, and a few online classes additionally require this. However, the vast majority of distance freshmen are anticipated to grasp subject material thru a large amount of studying. Although far finding out classes be offering video recordings and audio clips, maximum systems require scholars to hide and grasp a considerable amount of written knowledge. If it is a problem for you, it could be very useful to first sign up in a studying comprehension route there are lots of assets online that will help you do that. This ability by myself could make a huge distinction on your luck.
nine. Establish and admire routines that be just right for you. If, for instance, youre employed best within the morning or in brief bursts, then set find out about routines that can help you find out about within the prelunch hours when your mind is contemporary. If, then again, you do best through learning at evening or at the weekends when youll devote nightowl hours or longer blocks in your learning, then make it some degree to take action. Consider how and whilst you paintings best, and enforce a find out about plan that respects the routines that be just right for you.
- Connect together with your friends. Establishing sturdy connections with friends and professors is a very powerful facet of tutorial luck, in addition to skilled development. One of essentially the most rewarding reports in schooling is finding out thru collaboration. Forming significant relationships together with your friends and professors can can help you be told extra, keep motivated, and feature an outlet to specific your personal working out of subject material. So, keep attached thru message forums, chat rooms, e mail, and different digital assets. And take note lots of the other people you meet in faculty shall be conceivable process assets down the road so determine connections and keep in contact
Florida National University gives a wealth of tutorial and professional online classes. Check out the entire choicesyour long run is ready